The living World, XAM Grenade, Class 11 NCERT Biology. kexam.

THE LIVING WORLD

# All living organism grow.

Increase in mass and increase in number are twin characteristic of growth.

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# In higher plants/animals growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.

In unicelled organism reproduction is synonymous with growth.

# Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organism without exception,

But isolated metabolic reactions in-vitro are not living but surely living reactions.

# Living organism are-

·         Self replicating

·         Evolving

·         Self regulating interactive system capable of responding to external stimuli.

# All living organisms are linked to one another by sharing of common genetic material but to varying degrees.

# Systematic refers to “Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationship”

- Derived from Latin word ‘systema’.
- Later its scope enlarged to include Identification / Nomenclature / Classification.
- It takes into a/c evolutionary relationship.

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# Families are characterized by both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.

# Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried à pressed à preserved on sheets. Herbaria serve as quick referral system in taxonomical studies.

# Herbaria provide info about-

1) Date & place of collection

2) Eng/Local/Botanical names

3) Family name

4) Collectors name

# In case of botanical gardens-

“Each plant is labeled indicating its botanical/scientific name and its family” – for identification purposes

# Museum (Plant/Animals)

Specimens may be preserved-

1) in jars (preservation sol)

2) as dry

3) in boxes (insects)

Here, insects are preserved after (1) Collecting à (2) killing à (3) Pinning.

# Key: (Plants/Animals)-

1) based on similarities and dissimilarities

2) based on contrasting characters that occur in pairs k/a couplets

3) separate key is required for each taxonomic category

4) each statement = lead

5) key are analytical in nature

Watch this for detailed explanation:

NOTE:

a) Reproduction is character of living organism.

b) Cellular organization is the defining feature of life forms.

c) Consciousness is the defining property of living organisms.

d) Manuals are useful in providing info for identification of names of species found in an area.

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