The President of India

Rubber Stamp of India! The President

According to -

Article 52: President is the head of Union Execution

Article 53: All Executive directions of the GOI is taken in the name of the President.

1.Executive Powers: Presidents appoints the following posts-

• PM (Art-75) and other Council of Ministers on advice of PM (Art-77)
• Judges of SC/HC, Governors, Members and Chairman of UPSC, Members and Chairman of CAG, Ambassadors and High Commission of India.
• AG, Members and Chairman of Finance Commission, Proteam Speaker etc.

2. Legislative Powers: 

•  President can summon or prorogue the Parliament.
• He can also summon the joint seating of the Parliament (Art-108)
• He can address the Parliament at the commencement of 1st session of each year.
• Any Bill becomes an act after signature of President.
• He can Nominate members of 2 Anglo Indians in LS (Art-331)
• He can nominate 12 members to RS. (Art-80 (1))
• Ordinance Power: If session is not going on than President can issue ordinance on advice of PM. (Art-123) Ordinance ~ value of Law

3. Emergency Powers: 

a) National Emergency: 

• When: (i) If there is war or external aggression. (ii) Armed Rebellion
• Impact: Except for Art 20 & 21 all Fundamental Rights are suspended.

b) President Rule:

• When: If constitutional missionary fails in a state.
• Impact: Center makes laws on the sate list.

c) Financial Emergency:

• When: If financial condition of the country retards.
• Impact: Except for President, the salary of all government employed is slashed. Along with the hold on plans run by the government.

4. Veto Powers:

• Absolute Veto: It is usually exercised on the Bills when the cabinet is about to resign (after the passage of the bills but before the assent by the President). Basically the Bills that are passed in a hurry.
• Suspensive Veto: President can return the Bill for reconsideration of the Parliament only once using this veto. However, if the Bill is passed again by the Parliament with or without amendments and again presented to the President, it becomes obligatory for the President to give his assent to the Bill.
• Pocket Veto: In this case the President neither ratifies nor rejects nor return the Bill, but simply keeps it pending for an indefinite period. The power of the President not to take any action (either positive or negative). Plus there is no time limit for the President to give comment under this veto.

5. Pardoning Powers: 

• Pardon: Complete absolve to the offender.
• Commute: Slash down the extensive punishment by a little.
• Remission: Reducing the period of punishment without changing its character.
• Respite: Further relaxing the punishment. ( e.g in case of pregnant woman)
• Reprieve: Halt the punishment for some time. (in case of death penalty)

6. Judicial Powers:

President can take advice from SC on any matter of national importance but he is not bound to accept the advice.

7. Military Powers:

President is the supreme head of the three wings of the Indian Armed Forces. 

War/peace can be declared by the President.

-rK